Horumarinta Muhiimka ah ee Caruurnimada ilaa Labo Sano
Tweens waxay muujinayaan isbeddellada kala duwan ee garashada, oo ay ku jiraan kordhinta fekerka macquul ah. Marka loo barbardhigo caruurta yaryar, macquulnimada da'da labadaba waxay horumarinaysaa afar siyood oo waaweyn.
Fikradda Macquulka ah: Dibad muuqda wuxuu noqonayaa mid ka yaryar
Dhalinyarada dhalinyarada ah waxay bilaabaan inay fahmaan in sheyga iyo xayawaanka ay bedeli karaan muuqaalkooda dibedda waxayna weli isku mid yihiin. Mid ka mid ah dhakhaatiirta cilmu-nafsiga ee horumarinta carruurta, Jean Piaget ayaa muujiyey in carruurta yaryar ayan lahayn fahamkan.
Piaget waxay ku shubtay dareere ka soo dheer dherer dheer, oo dhuuban, oo gogol dhaadheer ah hortooda indhaheeda, carruurta yaryar waxay u maleeyeen in dareeruhu noqday qadar kala duwan, sababtoo ah dareeraha muuqaalka dibedda ayaa bedelay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, carruurtu waxay awoodaan inay fahmaan in qadarka dareeraha uusan isbeddelin.
Horumarka macquulka ah ee macquulka ah wuxuu caddeeyaa dhalinyarada 'fahamka adduunka ku wareegsan. Tusaale ahaan, halka carruur yaryar laga yaabo inay jahwareer galaan oo ay murugoodaan marka ay arkaan qof labbisto maryan Mickey Mouse, arooshadu waxay fahmaan in qofku yahay kharash.
Carruurta yaryari waxay u muuqdaan inay xoogga saaraan hal arin oo keliya dhibaatada markiiba. Sidaa darteed, waxay u maleynayaan in qadarka dareeraha isbeddelay sababtoo ah waxay kaliya fiirinayeen dhererka ama ballaca dhalada, labadaba maaha. Dhanka kale, baaluqyada waxay fahmi karaan in dhererka gaaban uu ka samaysan yahay galaaska dhuubka badan, oo bixinaayo isla tirada guud ee booska.
Awoodda ay leedahay in la tixgeliyo sifooyinka badan ee marxaladda ayaa si fiican uga baxsan adduunka jireed. Tusaale ahaan, waxay u oggolaaneysaa in ay gartaan in ay fahmaan arxan darrada bulsheed ee culus oo leh hanti badan iyo ixtiraam badan. Waxay sidoo kale bilaabaan inay arkaan sida ficilka qof ama kooxba ay ka saari lahaayeen talaabo ay sameeyeen mid kale.
Qoondaynta Dib-u-hagaajinta
Marka sanadaha billood ah bilaabaan, carruurtu waxay noqdaan kuwo xirfad leh iyaga oo kala saaraya dadka iyo walxaha, horumarka kale ee sababo macquul ah.
Si ka duwan xilliyada ay da'doodu ka yar tahay, waxay hadda si fiican u fahmayaan sida wax loo wadaagi karo sida guryaha. Waxa kale oo ay ogaadaan in hanti-ururinnada koox-kooxeedyada ay jiraan. Tusaale ahaan, waxay og yihiin in "xayawaannada" loo qaybin karo kooxo ay ku jiraan "naaso" iyo "raxmad," iyo in kooxahaas lagu sii dari karo noocyada naas-nuujinta sida "eys" iyo "leopards." Waxay kaloo fahamsan yihiin in had iyo jeer ay jiraan tiro badan oo ka mid ah walxaha ku jira qayb ballaadhan (sida "xayawaan") marka loo eego qaybo gaar ah (sida "ey"). Inkastoo tani ay u muuqato in ay cadahay dadka waaweyn, tani waa tallaabo weyn oo horay loogu soo rogay feker macquul ah, taas oo u ogolaanaysa horumarka xisaabta iyo sayniska.
Tweens Inay Fahmaan In Waxyaabaha Lagu Bedeli Karo Dib U Noqdo
Horumarka ugu dambeyn ee asaasiga ah ee macquulka ah ayaa ah fahamka isbedelka. Dib usoo celinta waxaa loola jeedaa xaqiiqda ah in mararka qaarkood wax laga bedeli karo kadibna dib loo bedelo. Tusaale fudud oo caruurtu hore u fahmayaan waa in aad kubbadda dhoobo ku dari kartaa masax dheer oo kadibna dib ugu soo laabto kubad iyada oo aan wax ka beddelin guryaha gudaha. Faham buuxa oo ku saabsan cawaaqib xumada - sida sida dib-u-celinta loo isticmaali karo si loo fahmo kala qaybinta iyo isu-dhufashada - waxay sii wadaa horumarinta koorsada sanadaha soo aadan.
Xigasho:
Berger, Kathleen. Qofka Abaabulaya iyadoo loo marayo Lifespan. 2008-dii. New York: Worth.
Santrock, John. Carruurta. 2009kii. New York: McGraw-Hill.