Inkasta oo uu cudurku sababay fayraska cagaarshow B ayaa tan iyo markii looyaqaanay Hippocrates qarnigii 5aad ee BCE, ma ahayn ilaa 1960 iyo 70s in la xaqiiqsaday.
Maanta, inkastoo intooda badani laga tallaalay cudurka cagaarshow B ka hor intaanay ka tagin xannaanada, weli waxaan haynaa 40 xaaladood oo ah cagaarshow B perinatal sanad walba oo carruurta ka qaadi kara cagaarshowga B hooyadooda.
Inkasta oo ay aad uga fiican tahay xilligii tallaalka kahor, markii ay jirtey in ka badan 3,500 kiis sannad kasta, taas macnaheedu waxa weeye in weli jiro hawlo in la qabto. Taas macnaheedu waa inay weli aad muhiim u tahay in la tallaalo.
Sababta ay dhallaanku u qaadaan Cagaarshow B
Waa maxay sababta ay dhallaanku weli u qaadi karaan cagaarshow B? Halista waxaa ka mid ah:
- Hooyooyinka aan helin daryeelka dhalmada ka hor iyo sidoo kale looma baarin cagaarshowga B
- Ilmaha cusub ee hooyooyinka HBsAg-ka ah ee aan la daweynin waqtigii loogu talagalay, 12 saacadood gudahood, had iyo jeer sababo khaladaad caafimaad, sida inaanay HBIG iyo tallaalka ku jirin waqtigii ama dhammaantood ama natiijooyin natiijo wanaagsan
- Ilmaha cusub ee hooyooyinka qaba calaamadaha cagaarshow B aan la garanayn ee aan la daweynin waqtigooda (waa in sida caadiga ah loola dhaqmaa sidii ay u fiicnaadaan, maadaama ay noqon karaan)
- Dhallaanka hooyooyinka HBsAg ee aan dhammeystirin taxanaha tallaalka cagaarshow B
Ka dibna waxaa jira dhalmo ku dhalatay hooyooyin aad u fara badan, kuwaas oo laga yaabo in ay qaataan cagaarshowga B inkastoo ay qaataan HBIG iyo tallaalka cagaarshowga B.
Isticmaalka dawooyinka anti-HBV ee afka laga qaato, sida lamivudine, telbivudin iyo tenofovir, waxay rajeynayaan in carruurtaas ay ka ilaaliyaan qaadashada cagaarshow B.
Baaritaanka fayraska cagaarshowga B waxaa caadi ahaan lagu sameeyaa sadexda bilood ee saddexda bilood ee uurka, sidaa daraadeed waxaa la bilaabi karaa daaweynta antiviral siinta hooyada haddii uu aad u sarreeyo, caawinta aqoonsashada hooyooyinka qaba cirridka faafa.
Khatar kale oo ah in ilmuhu ku dhaco cagaarshowga B sidaas darteed maahan inuu baaritaan ama daaweyn liddi ku ah antiviral.
Qaad talaabooyinka looga hortago Cagaarshowga B
Fayraska cagaarshow B:
- Wuxuu ku dhacay 2 bilyan oo adduunka ah
- Si joogta ah ayuu cudurka qabaa ugu badnaa 350 milyan oo qof, oo ay ku jiraan ugu yaraan 2.2 milyan oo Mareykanka ah
- Sababtoo ah 50 milyan oo infekshan cusub ah adduunka oo dhan
- Waxay u badan tahay inay u keento infekshin joogto ah carruurta yaryar
- Dila in ka badan 600,000 oo qof sannad kasta
- Wuxuu ku faafaa qof ilaa qof iyada oo loo marayo dhiig iyo dheecaannada jidhka
- Wuxuu sababi karaa cagaarshow ba'an iyo cagaarshow ( cagaarshow ), cirrhosis, iyo kansarka hepatocellular carcinomas (kansarka beerka)
Nasiib wanaag, gaar ahaan ma jiro weli wax daaweyn ah ee cuduradan, cagaarshow B waa ciribtirka tallaalka looga hortago .
Tallaalka cagaarshow B ee ugu horreeya ee la sameeyay ayaa la ansixiyey sannadkii 1981 waxana lagu beddelay tallaal cusbooneeysi ah, tallaalka labaad ee sannadka 1986.
Inkasta oo tallaalku waxtar u leeyahay ka hortagga cudurrada cagaarshow B, istiraatiijiyadii hore ee lagu beegsanayay kooxaha halista sare leh (tallaalka xulashada) si fiican uma shaqayn. Tani waxay ahayd badi sababtoo ah dad badan ma aysan ogeyn inay khatar sare u yihiin, gaar ahaan haddii ay ahaayeen qoys kaliya ama xiriir galmo qof kale oo khatarta sare leh, sida in la yeesho lamaanayaal badan oo galmo ama isticmaalaya daroogo xidhan.
Xitaa baarista ku saleysan halista dhalmada ka hor (talaalka xulashada ee baaritaanka) ayaa seegay dumar badan oo uurka leh cudurrada cagaarshowga B oo joogtada ah iyo fursada ah inay joojiyaan ilmahooda inay qaataan cagaarshow B.
Taasi waxay u badan tahay sababta aysan aheyn illaa aan ka baddaleyno barnaamijka tallaalka carruurnimada caalamiga ah (1991) oo aan awoodnay inaan aragno hoos u dhac ku yimaada infakshanka cagaarshowga B carruurta. Sida laga soo xigtay CDC, dhacdooyinka cagaarshow B oo ba'an ayaa hoos u dhacay 96 boqolkiiba carruurta iyo dhalinyarada laga bilaabo 1990 ilaa 2005.
Inkastoo waddamada qaarkood ay wali sameeyaan baadhitaan xulasho leh tallaalka, waa sababtoo ah waxay heystaan noocyada cudurrada cagaarshow B ee waddankooda oo yaraatay in tallaal caalami ah aan loo maleyneynin inuu yahay mid kharash badan.
Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah dalalka Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Japan, Norwey, Sweden iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska.
Inta badan wadamada ugu badani waxay sameeyaan tallaal caalami ah, oo ay ka mid yihiin qaar ka mid ah, sida Ireland iyo Nederland kuwaas oo dhawaan ka baddalay baaritaanka xulashada.
Labo tallaal oo cagaarshow B ah, Recombivax HB iyo Engerix-B, ayaa hadda la heli karaa hababka cudurada carruurta iyo dadka waaweyn. Waxay bixiyaan difaac weyn (80 illaa 100 boqolkiiba) oo ka dhan ah infakshanada cagaarshow B marka la bixiyo sedexda taxane ah.
Pediarix waa tallaal isku dhafan oo ka kooban DTaP, Cagaarshow B (Engerix-B), iyo tallaalka IPV ee hal tallaal.
Khadka hoose
Cagaarshowga B waa cudur ka hortag ah oo carruurtaada ay iska ilaalin karaan. Haddii ay ku dhasheen isbitaal, xarun ilmo, ama guriga, waa in la tallaalaa taxane ah saddex tallaal oo tallaal ah oo bilawda marka ay dhashaan.
Ilaha:
Istaraatijiyad Tallaal oo Tallaal ah oo Lagu Hortago Caabuqa Cagaarshowga B Cagaarshowga B ee Maraykanka Talooyinka Guddiga La-talinta ee Tallaalka Tallaalka (ACIP) Qaybta 1aad: Talaalka dhalaanka, carruurta iyo dhallinyarada. MMWR. Diisambar 23, 2005/54 (RR16), 1-23
Epidemiology iyo Ka-hortagga Cudurrada Tallaalka Ka-hortagga ah. Buugga Jilitaanka: Buugga Jadwalka - 13aad (2015)
Giraudon, Isabelle. Xaaladaha A La xariirta Tallaalka aan dhammays tirnayn ee Ubadka ee Khatarta Cagaarshow B: Cilmi-baadhis London ah ee 2006. Tallaalka, Qeybta 27, Taariikhda 14, 23 Maarso 2009, Boggaga 2016-2022
Houweling H. Barnaamijyada Cudurrada Dadweynaha ee Ka Hortagga Cagaarshowga B ee Nederland: Qiimaynta Iskuullada ama Ujeeddooyinka Guud ee U Qalma. Tallaalka. 2010 Nov 16; 28 (49): 7723-30.
> Yi, Panpan et al. Maareynta Nidaamka Hooyada u-gudbinta ee Fayraska Cagaarshow B: Soo jeedinta iyo caqabadaha. Wargeyska Virology Clinic, Volume 77, Abriil 2016, Boggaga 32-39