Tallaalka
CDC waxay ku qoreysaa tallaalka iyada oo ah guul gaadhka ugu weyn ee caafimaadka guud ee qarniga 20aad.
Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka ayaa sidoo kale ku baaqaya tallaal "mid ka mid ah waxqabadyada caafimaadka dadweynaha ee ugu guulaha badan iyo kharashka waxtarka leh," oo ka caawiya ka hortagga "qiyaastii 2.5 milyan oo carruur dhimasho ah sanad walba dhammaan kooxaha da'doodu ka yartahay diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (xiiqdheer), iyo jadeecada. "
Tallaalku wax badan ayuu qaban karaa, inkastoo.
Heerarka tallaalka ee la kordhiyey ayaa laga yaabaa inay suurtogal tahay in laga hortago:
- Cudurada 24 milyan oo carruur ah oo adduunka ah oo aan haysanin inay dhamaystiraan taxanaha caadiga ah ee tallaalka waa inay helaan inta aanay gaarin 12 bilood
- Dhimashada 1.3 milyan ee dhallaanka iyo carruurta yar yar ee ka yimaada cudurka pneumococcal iyo rotavirus
- Qiyaastii 200,000 dhimasho jadeeco
- Ugu yaraan 49,000 oo dhimasho ah oo ka yimaada teetanada
- Kiisaska sii socda ee polio ee ku yaal Afghanistan iyo Pakistan
Tallaallada cusubi waxay gacan ka geysan karaan xakamaynta cudurrada kale iyo kuwa cusub, hanjabaado soo baxaya.
Xaqiiqooyinka Tallaalka
Helitaanka wax barashada iyo helitaanka xaqiiqooyinka ku saabsan tallaalada iyo ka- hortagga qalad-la'aanta tallaalka waxay kaa caawin kartaa inaad hubiso in carruurtaada ay si buuxda tallaal uga yihiin oo ay uga badbaadaan cudurrada talaalka looga hortago :
- Waqtiga ay bilaabaan dugsiga, carruurta badankood ka dib jadwalka tallaalka hadda waxay heli doonaan illaa 35 qiyaasood oo ah 10 tallaal oo kala duwan (oo ay ku jiraan tallaalka sanadka), laakiin laga yaabo inay yar yihiin 20 tallaal dhab ah haddii ay helaan tallaalada isku jira , sida Pediarix (DTaP-HepB-IPV) ama Pentacel (DTaP-IPV-Hib), Kinrix (DTaP-IPV), iyo Proquad (MMR-Var), iwm, iyo buufinta sanka ku faafo marka ay laba sano jiraan.
- Inkasta oo aad isku daydo inaad qaadato qiyaas tallaal ah sida jadwalka tallaalka lagula taliyay, qiyaasta tallaalka sida caadiga ah ayaa weli lagu tiriyaa, xitaa haddii la siiyay ilaa afar maalmood oo hore.
- Tallaalka nool , sida MMR iyo Varivax, waa in la siiyaa waqti isku mid ah ama ugu yaraan 28 maalmood.
- Caadi ahaan maahan inaad dib u bilawdo taxanaha tallaalka haddii aad uur leedahay inaad qaadato qiyaasta soo socota ama ugu dambeysa ee taxanaha tallaalka.
- Thimerosal- noocyo tallaal oo tallaal ah ee jadwalka tallaalka carruurnimada ayaa la heley illaa 2001. Xitaa tallaalka hargabka ayaa iminka si fudud loo heli karaa iyada oo ah tallaal aan xabbad-joojin lahayn.
- Thimerosal ee tallaalka marnaba lama xiriirin autismka.
- Xitaa iyada oo laga saarayo thimerosal, weli waxaa jira walxo kale oo tallaal ah iyo walxaha lagu ilaaliyo tallaalada qaarkood kuwaas oo ka caawiya inay si fiican u shaqeeyaan, oo ay ku jiraan maaddada rasmiga ah iyo aluminium. Intooda badani waxay ku hadhaan qiyaasta hadhaaga ah ee ka yimaadda habka tallaalka, iyo qaar ka mid ah, sida formaldehyde, ay ka yar tahay lacagta dabiiciga ah ee laga helo carruurta.
- Inkasta oo aan si joogta ah loo siinin carruurta, tallaalada aan ka mid ahayn jadwalka tallaalkeena ayaa la heli karaa si looga hortago cuduro kale oo tallaalka looga hortago, sida daacuunka, qandhada jaalaha ah, qandhada, shubanka, qaaxada (BCG), shingles, iyo Japanese encephalitis (JE), iwm.
- Waxaad ka qaadi kartaa hargabka tallaalka hargabka. Ma ahan tallaalka hargabka ee aan nooleyn (dilaacay) ama hargabka qabow ee hargabsan (hurgumeysan) ee hargabka nool ayaa sababi kara jirro hargab oo ku dhaca dadkaas kuwaas oo hela.
- Tallaalku kuma jiraan baraf-dillaac.
- Warbixinta Lancet by Andrew Wakefield oo gacan ka gaystay bilaabista badanaa cabsida ku saabsan xiriirka ka dhexeeya tallaalada iyo autism ayaa marnaba aysan soo kicin cilmi-baadhayaasha kale, ayaa dib looga noqday oo lagu ogaaday inay ku salaysan tahay baaritaan khiyaano ah.
- Miyir-qabka (syncope) ayaa dhici karta, inta badan 15 daqiiqo oo tallaal ah, gaar ahaan dhalinyarta qaadashada tallaalka HPV, Tdap, iyo tallaalka meningococcal, taas oo ah sababta ay caruurta dhakhtarku ugu talinayaan in dhallinyaradu la fadhiisto ama jiifaan inta lagu jiro talaalka waana in la fiiriyaa 15 daqiiqo ka dib markaad qaadato tallaal.
- Marka heerarka tallaalka hoos loo dhigo inta u dhaxaysa 1989 iyo 1991, xaaladaha jadeecadu waxay kordheen heerarka ugu sareeya ee la arkay tan iyo markii tallaalka jadeecadu uu shatiga haysto, 55,467 kiis oo saddex sano ah, 11,251 isbitaal, iyo 166 dhimasho. Kiisaska jadeecada si dhakhso ah ayaa hoos u dhacay ka dib markii ololeyaal xoogan oo tallaal ah ay kordhiyeen heerarka tallaalka carruurta.
- In ka badan 80 tallaal oo musharrixi ah ayaa ku jira marxaladaha dambe ee baaritaanka caafimaadka, oo ay ku jiraan tallaalada duumada iyo xummadda dengue.
Maxaa kale ee aad u baahan tahay inaad ka ogaato tallaalka si aad u hesho carruurtaada tallaalan loona ilaaliyo?
Cudurrada Tallaalka ka-hortagga ah
Tallaallada si joogta ah loo siiyo carruurta sida ku qoran jadwalka ugu dambeeya tallaalka waxay ka ilaalinayaan 16 cuduro tallaalka laga hortago, oo ay ku jiraan infakshannada ay sababaan:
- Fayruska Varicella - fuuq-buska / shingles
- Gawracatada
- Hargab
- Hib - Haemophilus influenzae nooca b
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Fayruska papillomavirus (HPV)
- Jadeecada
- Neisseria meningitidis (bakteeriyada meningococcal)
- Mumps
- Pertussis (xiiqdheer)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (bakteeriyada pneumococcal)
- Dabaysha
- Rotavirus
- Rubella
- Tetanus
Si ka duwan sida furuqa, mid ka mid ah cuduradan tallaalka laga hortegi karo midna lama tirtirin.
Inkasta oo marar dhif ah laga helo Maraykanka, jadeeco yar yar ayaa noqotey mid aad u badan, waxaanan aragney tirooyinka rikoodhada jadeecada ee sanadihii ugu dambeeyay, iyada oo badanaa kiisaska carruurta ay waalidkood diidaan inay qaataan tallaalkooda. oo noqdey mid caan ah, waxaanan aragney tirooyinka rikoodhada jadeecada sanadihii ugu dambeeyay, iyada oo badanaa kiisaska carruurta ay waalidkood diiday in ay qaataan tallaal.
Daraasado kale oo dhowaan ah ee cudurada tallaalka laga hortagi karo waxaa ka mid ah:
- Wadno joogta xiiqdheerta ee California iyo gobolo kale oo badan
- Jadeeco ka dillaacday dhowr gobol, taas oo ku dhawaad saddex jibbaarmee jadeeco sanadkii 2008 ilaa 140 xaaladood, oo badan oo lala xiriiriyo dhowr carruur ah oo aan la tallaalin oo ka soo safray dalka Mareykanka, iyo inkasta oo carruur badan oo aan la tallaalin oo aan laga dhaafin jadeecada ay qaadeen jadeecada Tani waxay dillaacday, waxay sidoo kale saameeysay carruurta badan oo aad u da 'yar si ay u helaan tallaalkooda MMR. Dhibaatooyinka jadeecadani waxay sii socdaan, iyadoo sanadka 2011 noqdaan sanad kale oo rikoodh ah, in ka badan 220 kiis, ugu badnaan 15 sano.
- Cudurka Mumps ee Iowa (2006) iyo New York iyo New Jersey (2009)
Carruurta la tallaalay waxay marmarka qaarkood ku xanuunsadaan dillaacaan, gaar ahaan marka cudurku ku dhaco sida cudurka qaamo-qashiirta, oo tallaalku yahay 76 illaa 95% oo waxtar leh, xitaa kadib laba qiyaasood, laakiin khatarta carruurta aan talaalka qaadan aad u sareeya.
Tani waxay keenaysaa mid ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka tallaalka ugu cad cad: Carruurta aan la tallaalin waxay carruurta kale u gelin karaan halista cudur qaadista-laga hortagi karo, sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u yar in la tallaalo, aan la tallaali karin, ama sababtoo ah tallaalkoodu ma shaqeyn .
Hel barasho. Is-tallaali. Jooji Dhibaatooyinka.
Ilaha:
Akhriska Siyaasadda Maraykanka ee Akhbaarta Cudurada Carruurta. Jadwalka Caruurta iyo Talo-Joogga ee Talo-Qaadashada - Maraykanka, 2011. Cilmi-nafsiga. 2011, 127; 387-388.
CDC. Faham-darrada ku saabsan Tallaalka Hargab iyo Tallaalka Hargabka. Lasoo gooyey Febraayo 2011.
CDC. Dadaallada Talaalka Dadwaynaha ee Jawaab celinta Jadeecada Jadeecada ee Carruurta Carruurta Xanaanada Carruurta ah - Maraykanka, 1989-1991. MMWR. July 24, 1992/41 (29) 522-525.
> Talooyinka Guud ee Tallaalka. Talooyinka Guddiga Talo-bixinta ee Tallaalka Tallaalka (ACIP). MMWR. Janaayo 28, 2011/60 (RR02); 1-60.
> Kreesten M. Madsen. Thimerosal iyo dhacdooyinka Autism-ka: Calaamadaha Xayawaanka ee liiska laga soo xigtay Macluumaadka Ku-saleysan Dadweynaha ee Danmark. Pediatrics, Sep 2003; 112: 604 - 606.
Jadeecada --- Maraykanka, Janaayo 1 - Abriil 25, 2008. MMWR. May 1, 2008/57 (Siidaynta Hore); 1-4.
> Paul A. Offit, MD. Wax ka qabashada Walaaca Waalidka: Tallaalka ma ka kooban tahay xajmisyo waxyeelo badan, xajin, siyaado, ama bedelaad? PEDIATRICS Vol. 112 Maya 6 Diisambar 2003, pp. 1394-1397.
WHO. Xaaladda tallaalka adduunka iyo tallaalka. Saddexaad. 2009.